Guru (गुरु) comes from ‘Gu’ (darkness) and ‘Ru’ (light) in its original Sanskrit. A Guru teaches to dispel the darkness of ignorance by light of true knowledge. Speaking from the shores of Galilee, Yeshua exemplified this by teaching with such impact that it would be felt even 1900 years later and far away in India through his influence on Mahatma Gandhi.
Gandhi & Yeshua’s Sermon on the Mount
In England, 1900 years after Yeshua’s birth, a young law student from India now known as Mahatma Gandhi (or Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was given a Bible. When he read Yeshua’s teachings known as the Sermon on the Mount he recounts
“the Sermon on the Mount which went straight to my heart.”
M. K. Gandhi, An Autobiography OR The Story of My Experiments with Truth. 1927 p.63
Yeshua’s teaching about ‘turning the other cheek’ gave insight to Gandhi on the ancient Hindu concept of non-injury and non-killing. Gandhi later refined this teaching into political force in Satyagraha, his use of non-violent non-cooperation with the British rulers. Several decades of satyagraha resulted in the independence of India from Great Britain, in a largely peaceful manner. Yeshua’s teaching enabled all this.
So what was it that Yeshua taught?
Yeshua’s Sermon on the Mount
After Yeshua’s testing by the devil he started to teach. His longest message recorded in the Gospels is called the Sermon on the Mount. Read the complete sermon while highlights are given here. Then we look back to Moses for deeper insight.
Yeshua taught the following:
21 “You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘You shall not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’ 22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry with a brother or sister will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to a brother or sister, ‘Raca,’ is answerable to the court. And anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell.
23 “Therefore, if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother or sister has something against you, 24 leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled to them; then come and offer your gift.
25 “Settle matters quickly with your adversary who is taking you to court. Do it while you are still together on the way, or your adversary may hand you over to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and you may be thrown into prison. 26 Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny.
ADULTERY
27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ 28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29 If your right eye causes you to stumble, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. 30 And if your right hand causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell.
DIVORCE
31 “It has been said, ‘Anyone who divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.’ 32 But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, makes her the victim of adultery, and anyone who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.
OATHS
33 “Again, you have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘Do not break your oath, but fulfill to the Lord the vows you have made.’ 34 But I tell you, do not swear an oath at all: either by heaven, for it is God’s throne; 35 or by the earth, for it is his footstool; or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the Great King. 36 And do not swear by your head, for you cannot make even one hair white or black. 37 All you need to say is simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’; anything beyond this comes from the evil one.
EYE FOR EYE
38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.’ 39 But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also. 40 And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well. 41 If anyone forces you to go one mile, go with them two miles. 42 Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.
LOVE FOR ENEMIES
43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ 44 But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, 45 that you may be children of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous. 46 If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Are not even the tax collectors doing that? 47 And if you greet only your own people, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do that? 48 Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
Matthew 5:21-48
Sermon on the Mount reveals Authority
Yeshua taught with the form “You have heard that it was said … but I tell you … ”. In this structure he quoted first from Moses, and then extended the scope of the command to inner motives, thoughts and words. Yeshua taught by taking strict commands given through Moses and made them even much more difficult to do!
But what is remarkable is the manner in which he extended the commands of Moses’ Law. He did so based on his own authority. He simply said ‘But I tell you…’ and with that he increased the scope of the command. This authority that he simply assumed was what struck his listeners.
When Jesus had finished saying these things, the crowds were amazed at his teaching, 29 because he taught as one who had authority, and not as their teachers of the law.
Matthew 7:28-29
Yeshua taught as one with great authority. Earlier Bible prophets passed messages from G-d to people, but here it was different. Why could Yeshua teach like this? Psalm 2, where the ‘Messiah’ was first foreseen as a title, described G-d speaking to the Messiah like this
I will make the nations your inheritance,
the ends of the earth your possession.Psalm 2:8
G-d gave ‘the Messiah’ authority over the nations, even to the ends of the earth. So since he claimed Messiahship, Yeshua also took the authority to teach like he did.
The Prophet and the Sermon on the Mount
In fact, long before, Moses had predicted the coming of ‘the Prophet’, who would be unique in how he taught. Moses had written in the Torah
The LORD Said …”I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their fellow Israelites, and I will put my words in his mouth. He will tell them everything I command him. 19 I myself will call to account anyone who does not listen to my words that the prophet speaks in my name.”
Deuteronomy 18:18-19
In teaching as he did, Yeshua exercised his authority as the Messiah and fulfilled Moses’ prophecy of the coming Prophet who would teach with the authority of G-d’s ‘words in his mouth’. He was both The Messiah and The Prophet.
Yeshua & Moses
In fact, Yeshua meant to both draw comparison and contrast to Moses by the whole manner in which he delivered the Sermon on the Mount. To give this Sermon …
Now when Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on a mountainside and sat down. His disciples came to him,
Matthew 5:1
Why did Yeshua go up the mountain? Notice what Moses had done to receive the Ten Commandments..
The Lord descended to the top of Mount Sinai and called Moses to the top of the mountain. So Moses went up
(Ex 19:20)
Moses ‘went up’ the mountain to receive the Ten Commandments. When Yeshua likewise ‘went up’ the mountain he took on the role of Moses. This makes sense because The Prophet who was to come would be
… a prophet like you (Moses)…
Deuteronomy 18:18
The Prophet had to be like Moses, and since Moses went up the mountain to give his teaching, so did Yeshua.
G-d’s Plan demonstrated in its Harmony and Unity
This shows a unity in thought and intent that spans over a thousand years. Only one mind can span such an long time interval – G-d’s. This exhibits evidence that this is His plan. Plans originating from people conflict with that of other people. Look at the myriad of political and economic plans that contradict one another. But this plan demonstrates a unity and harmony stretching through history – an indicator that the Divine has set it in motion.
Initiating A New Era for Us
Though Yeshua and Moses pattern each other in ascending the mountain, those receiving their teachings did not. Yeshua had his disciples come right up the mountain to be close to him when he sat down and taught. But when Moses received the Ten Commandments…
the Lord said to him, “Go down and warn the people so they do not force their way through to see the Lord and many of them perish. 22 Even the priests, who approach the Lord, must consecrate themselves, or the Lord will break out against them.”
Exodus 19:21-22
The people receiving the Ten Commandments could not go near the mountain on pain of death, but Yeshua’s followers could sit right with him on the mountain when he taught. This demonstrated the dawn of a new Era, characterized by proximity to G-d, rather than distance from Him. As the Brit Chadasha explains
For through him we both have access to the Father by one Spirit. 19 Consequently, you are no longer foreigners and strangers, but fellow citizens with God’s people and also members of his household,
Ephesians 2: 18-19
Yeshua showed in allowing his listeners to sit with him that the way was now opening for all to become ‘members of his household’.
But his message also explained what he expected of the ‘members of his household’.
You & Me and the Sermon on the Mount
This Sermon might perplex you. How can anyone live these kinds of commands that address our hearts and our motives? What was Yeshua’s intent? We can see the answer from his concluding sentence.
Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
Matthew 5:48
Notice that this is a command, not a suggestion. He required that we be perfect!
Why?
Because G-d is perfect and if we are to be members of his household then nothing less than perfect will do. We often think that perhaps simply more good than bad deeds – that will be sufficient. But if that were the case, and G-d let us join his household, we would destroy the perfection of His House and turn it into the mess that we have in this world. It is our lust, greed, anger that destroys our lives here today. If we join His Household still enslaved to that lust, greed and anger then that Household will quickly become like this world – full of problems made by us.
In fact, much of Yeshua’s teaching focused on our inner hearts rather than outward ceremony. Consider how, elsewhere, he focuses on our inward hearts.
He went on: “What comes out of a person is what defiles them. 21 For it is from within, out of a person’s heart, that evil thoughts come—sexual immorality, theft, murder, 22 adultery, greed, malice, deceit, lewdness, envy, slander, arrogance and folly. 23 All these evils come from inside and defile a person.”
Mark7:20-23
A Perfect Household for us
So perfect inner purity is the required standard for His household. G-d will only let the ‘perfect’ into his perfect household. But that raises a huge problem.
How will we get into this Household if we are not perfect?
The utter impossibility of us being perfect enough could cause us to despair.
But that is what he wants! When we despair of ever being good enough, when we stop trusting in our own merits then we become ‘poor in spirit’. And Yeshua, in starting this whole Sermon, had said:
“Blessed are the poor in spirit,
for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.Matthew 5:3
The beginning of wisdom for us is not to dismiss these teachings as not applying to us. They do! The standard is to ‘Be perfect’. As we let that standard sink in, and realize that we are not capable of it, then we may be ready to accept the help he wants to give, rather than depending on our own merit.
This is the step his teaching pushes us to take. Next, we see Yeshua demonstrate the authority that his teaching had assumed.